Cruzando Fronteras: documentation for international transport by road

send cargo between Spain y el resto de Europa by road requiere una serie de documentos obligatorios. Tener la documentation en orden evita retrasos, multas y problemas en transito.

En esta guia practica detallamos what documents you need depending on the route, how to fill them in and what mistakes to avoid.

Documentos obligatorios for international transport by road

DocumentoObligatorioQuién lo emite
CMR (Carta de Porte Internacional)Sí, siempreExpedidor o freight agency
Factura comercialbusiness exportadora
Packing listRecomendadoExpedidor
Certificado de origenSegún destinoCamara de Comercio
ADR (goods peligrosas)Solo si aplicaExpedidor certificado
T1/T2 (transito aduanero)Solo paises no UEAgente de aduanas

What is the CMR and how to fill it in?

The CMR (Convention relative au contrat de transport international de Marchandises par Route) es el documento que acredita el contrato de international transport by road. Es obligatorio en all the shipments between paises que han firmado el Convenio CMR (practicamente toda Europa).

Data it must include:

  • Name and address of shipper, carrier and consignee
  • Lugar y fecha de collection
  • Lugar de delivery
  • Descripcion de the cargo (naturaleza, peso bruto, numero de bultos)
  • Instrucciones of the expedidor about aduanas y insurance
  • deadline de delivery pactado

Importante: el CMR se emite en 3 copias: una for the shipper, una for the carrier y una for the recipient.

e-CMR: the electronic consignment note

Desde 2017, el e-CMR allows the consignment note to be managed digitally. Spain, France, Germany and other countries already accept it. Benefits:

  • Eliminacion de papel y errores de transcripcion
  • Real-time shipment tracking
  • Firma digital of the remitente, carrier y destinatario
  • Immediate access to documentation from any device

Documentation by route: Spain to Europe

RutaDocumentosNotas
Spain → FranciaCMR + Factura + Packing listSin aduanas (UE). Plazo: 1-2 dias
Spain → AlemaniaCMR + Factura + Packing listSin aduanas (UE). Plazo: 2-3 dias
Spain → PortugalCMR + FacturaFrontera abierta. Plazo: 1 dia
Spain → ItaliaCMR + Factura + Packing listSin aduanas (UE). Plazo: 3-4 dias
Espana → Reino UnidoCMR + Factura + DUA + T1Aduanas post-Brexit. Plazo: 3-5 dias
Spain → MarruecosCMR + Factura + DUA + Certificado origenAduanas. Plazo: 3-5 dias

Common mistakes in documentation

  • CMR incompleto: olvidar the peso bruto o the descripcion detallada de the cargo.
  • Factura sin Incoterm: no especificar quien paga the transporte puede generar disputas.
  • Packing list that doesn't match: discrepancias between the packing list y the carga real provocan retenciones en transito.
  • No declarar ADR: transportar goods peligrosas without the documentation ADR is a infraccion grave.

Frequently asked questions

Necesito aduanas for enviar a Francia?
No. Francia es UE, no hay aduanas. Solo you need CMR, factura comercial y packing list.

Who prepares the CMR?
Normalmente the freight agency o the shipper. At Transvolando nos encargamos de toda the documentation.

What pasa si me falta un documento en frontera?
Dentro de la UE no hay controles fronterizos rutinarios, but si inspecciones aleatorias. Fuera de la UE (UK, Marruecos), the carga queda retenida up to that se complete the documentation.

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